Wednesday, November 27, 2019
Strategic Management Case Study about Movie Industry
Industry environment analysis Threat of new entrants. AnalysisAdvertising We will write a custom case study sample on Strategic Management: Case Study about Movie Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Factors (affecting the threat of new entrants) Analysis Threat Rating of New Entrants Economies of scale:   ·Ã‚     Large scale production is of essence for economies of scale.  ·Ã‚     However, the movie industry can still succeed if it operates in small scale basis  ·Ã‚     Small scale producers can rely on the home watchers as opposed to theatre loving clients. High Proprietary product differences:   ·Ã‚     Products in the movies industry are poorly differentiated.  ·Ã‚     There is nothing unique that is offered by different stakeholders.  ·Ã‚     The only differentiation that exists adopts the Hub and Spok e strategy where movie companies seek an identity in a specific line of production, but also venture into other forms of production. High Brand identity:   ·Ã‚     Some brands have a dominating identity such as 20th Century, MGM, Waner Bros, Columbia pictures among others.  ·Ã‚     New entrants may find it hard to compete with the established firms. However, if they have an interesting movie, then they can make major sales as the switching costs are low. Medium Buyer/customer switching costs:   ·Ã‚    Inexistent switching costs.  ·Ã‚    There is no product attachment to customers in the movie industry.  ·Ã‚    Any possible switching cost may be associated with movie theatres for customers with loyalty tickets and may opt not to switch to another competitor.  High Capital requirements:   ·Ã‚     Massive movie production requires a high capital outlay.  ·Ã‚     Small entrants may not be able to compete with existing producers or theatre owners.  ·Ã‚     New producers can easily utilize existing market, both the individual market and the theatre market.  High Absolute cost advantages:   ·Ã‚     Existing players, both producers and theatre owners have acquired comparative advantage due to the experience they already posses.  ·Ã‚     Most existing theatres are already strategically placed.  ·Ã‚     This disadvantages the new entrants. Low Government Policy:   ·Ã‚     The government has adopted a policy of market regulation.  ·Ã‚     This has made it easy for new entrants to join the movie industry. Medium Expected retaliation:   ·Ã‚    The movie industry has always adopted a counter offer strategy (O’Regan, 2010). When one producer produces a new movie that is unique, the others quickly produces their vers ions killing the competitive advantage of the initial innovator. A good example is the 2005 production of Hotel Rwanda by Lions Gate Entertainment and the subsequent release of Sometimes in April, based on the same story of Rwanda’s genocide by Home Box Office.  ·Ã‚    In keeping with this spirit, a major backlash for an innovation from a new entrant is expected. High Overall Rating: High-Medium Bargaining power of suppliers. Analysis   Factors (affecting the bargaining power of suppliers) Analysis Rating of Supplier Power Differentiation of inputs:   ·Ã‚    There is no differentiation of inputs as what is supplied to movie theatres is the same.  ·Ã‚    Theatres should use different suppliers as opposed to sticking with one movie producers. Low Switching costs of suppliers and firms in the industry:   ·Ã‚    There are no switching costs associated with the change of the movie suppliers. à ‚ ·Ã‚    All the benefits offered by one producer can be offered by another producer.  Low Presence of substitute inputs:   ·Ã‚    There are no clear substitutes in the movie industry.  ·Ã‚    However, rivalry among the suppliers denies them any considerable advantage due to the lack of substitutes.  ·Ã‚    Thus, theatres enjoy as though there are substitutes. Medium Supplier concentration relative to industry concentration:   ·Ã‚     There are fewer suppliers compared to the overall industry concentration.  ·Ã‚     The suppliers also have the theatre markets as well as individual markets.  ·Ã‚     This makes them to have a considerable say as far as supplying of products is concerned. Medium Importance of volume to suppliers:   ·Ã‚    The costs related with production makes suppliers to prefer large scale buyers.  ·Ã‚    Although it is ea sy for suppliers to sell to individual customers, it is more cost effective to directly sell to theatres.  ·Ã‚    This is more so when the product is new in the market. High Cost relative to total purchases in the industry:   ·Ã‚     Most purchases are capital incentive.  ·Ã‚     Purchases of patents, rights as well as initial payment made to actors are capita intensive.  ·Ã‚     This makes one purchase of a new movie into theatre screens a highly costly affair. Medium Information about supplier’s product:   ·Ã‚     Suppliers are good at supplying the sellers with the required information.  ·Ã‚     Due to their limited numbers, suppliers are known by the concerned buyers.  ·Ã‚     This gives the buyers power over the suppliers. Low Supplier profitability:   ·Ã‚     Suppliers such as Lions Gate Entertainment, Home Box Office among other s have maintained high rates of profitability.  ·Ã‚     However, the dying culture of movie theatres is slowly keeling the profitability levels in the industry.  ·Ã‚     The rise of internet marketing is compensating for this loss as suppliers can sell their products directly to global consumers (Chaffey, 2009). low Decision makers’ incentives   ·Ã‚    Incentives are purely based on product quality as opposed to external incentives.  ·Ã‚    External incentives are of no relevance to the industry. Low Threat of forward integration   ·Ã‚    A possible integration of the current suppliers can spell doom to the buyers as they can force the already high market rates up.  ·Ã‚    This, coupled with declining theatre culture would reduce the profitability of the direct service sellers. Medium Overall Rating: Low-Medium Bargaining power of buyers. Analysis Factors (affecting the bargaining power of buyers) Analysis Rating of Buyer Power Differentiation of outputs:   ·Ã‚     The only available differentiators include; o Price. o Nature of the movie on the screens. o Possible accompaniments.  ·Ã‚     However, there is natural attachment of theatres and customers.  ·Ã‚     This acts to ensure that the theatres maintain their clientele. Switching costs of buyers:   ·Ã‚    There are no significant switching costs for buyers.  ·Ã‚    Even where there is loyalty rewards associated with tickets, competitors can still come with better deals.  ·Ã‚    This makes the bargaining power of buyers very high. High Presence of substitute outputs:   ·Ã‚     There are no true substitutes offered to buyers.  ·Ã‚     However, the existence of similar products from other sellers makes the buyers to have a high bargaining power. à ‚ ·Ã‚     Products offered by competitors can act as substitutes. High Industry concentration relative to buyer concentration:   ·Ã‚    The concentration of sellers is relative.  ·Ã‚    This makes the competition among the sellers not to be too intense.  ·Ã‚    Buyers have medium power to decide on what they want. Medium Importance of volume to buyers:   ·Ã‚     Volume purchases are not very necessary in this industry.  ·Ã‚     Buyers have little effect to the prices offered by the sellers. Low Cost relative to total buyer purchases:   ·Ã‚    The prices are shaped by the relevance and newness of a film in the industry.  ·Ã‚    Thus, costs are not associated with volumes, but the nature of the movie.  ·Ã‚    Therefore, buyers have an insignificant role in determining the prices. Low Buyer information about the industry output:   ·Ã‚    Individual buyers have a choice of either purchasing or renting the product they want.  ·Ã‚    Theatre buyers have to content with what the sellers have put forth.  ·Ã‚    The bargaining power of buyers is low. Low Buyer profitability:   ·Ã‚     The rising social strain among buyers affects their ability to buy.  ·Ã‚     This has led to reduced consumers of theatre services. Medium Decision makers’ incentives:   ·Ã‚     Theatres always offer incentives to attract clientele.  ·Ã‚     However, common incentives are replicated by the competitors hence denying business a distinct comparative advantage. Low Threat of backward integration:   ·Ã‚    There is no threat for backward integration in the movie industry. Low Overall Rating: Low-Medium Power of substitutes. Analysis Factors (affecting the power of substitutes) Analysis Threat Ra ting of Substitutes Relative price/performance of substitutes:   ·Ã‚     There are no clear substitutes in the movie industry.  ·Ã‚     Only competing products can be seen as substitutes. Low Switching costs:   ·Ã‚     There are no switching costs associated with the perceived substitutes. Medium Buyer propensity to substitute:   ·Ã‚     Buyers can easily be swayed to perceived substitutes depending on the quality of products put forth. Low Overall Rating: Low Intensity of industry rivalry. Analysis Factors (affecting the intensity of industry rivalry) Analysis Rating of Industry Rivalry Industry growth rate:   ·Ã‚    The movie industry has reached the maturity stage.  ·Ã‚    This is more experienced when the theatre culture is examined.  ·Ã‚    This spells uncertainties in the industry.  High High fixed costs:   ·Ã‚    Fixed costs in the movie industry is relatively high.  ·Ã‚    These especially true for producers as they must maintain a highly rewarded staff although on a contract basis.  ·Ã‚    Theatres must maintain high rents as they occupy huge areas in prime areas. Medium. Intermittent overcapacity:   ·Ã‚     This problem has never been experienced in the movie industry. Low Product differences:   ·Ã‚     There is little product differentiation in the movie industry.  ·Ã‚     This makes it hard for one to strongly say that a specific service provider has an advantage over the other.  ·Ã‚     Lack of product differences makes pricing an important factor in this industry. High Brand identity:   ·Ã‚    There is no player in the industry who can claim brand identity.  ·Ã‚    This makes identity of a service provider to be seasonal depending on the nature of the existing product.  ·Ã‚    Generational change further complicates the issue of brand identity as generation Y is known to have no brand royalty. High Switching costs:   ·Ã‚    There is no significant switching cost associated with this industry. High Informational complexity:   ·Ã‚    The industry is virtually affected by the volumes information that exists concerning the products.  ·Ã‚    The movie industry is highly debated even in the social sites.  ·Ã‚    This may help a service provider to bask in phenomenon fame which may translate to massive sales. High Concentration and balance:   ·Ã‚     The movie industry is not as concentrated as many other industries.  ·Ã‚     However, the few players in the business have intense competition among them. Medium Diversity of competitors:   ·Ã‚     There is no significant diversity in this industry. The n ature of the products cannot allow for diversification of products. Medium Corporate stakes:   ·Ã‚     There are little side activities that exists for the industry players.  ·Ã‚     This makes the industry players to remain in business regardless of fluctuating markets.  ·Ã‚     Thus, rivalry is intense. High Exit barriers:   ·Ã‚    There is little option left for most industry players.  ·Ã‚    Thus most of them must remain in the industry regardless of the changing market.  ·Ã‚    It is hard to sell the investments already made to other industry players. High Overall Rating: High Summary of Industry environment analysis The concept of industry environment analysis has been used for several decades now to analyze various factors that are external to the business, but remain critical in the quest for crafting a comprehensive competitive strategy. In 1980, Michael Porter came up wi th a five force model that has remained instrumental in the analysis of the business environment. In this five force model, Porter established that there are various factors that need to be well catered for by any company that intends to craft a competitive strategy.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In his quest to come up with a competitive force model, Porter managed to group the external environment into five major categories that he named as the bargaining power of suppliers, the bargaining power of buyers, threats posed by new entrants, the level of rivalry that exists among the existing firms and finally the threats posed by the substitute products (Porter, 2008). Conducting an environment analysis in the movie industry allows one to establish the extent of the existing opportunities as well as threats posed by external factors (Hill and Jones 2009). In the environ mental analysis of the movie industry, it is evident that the threats that are posed by the new entrants are relatively high though they have been rated as High-Medium. This indicates that the huge capital outlay that is required to venture into this business can discourage potential entrants form joining the business. However, this does not mean that it is impossible for new entrants to join the industry provided they can comfortably raise the required costs. It is also evident that the lack of switching costs on the part of the buyers acts to the disadvantage of sellers such that the sellers can easily lose their clientele if it decides to switch to a competitor. The buyers can do so with ease as they have nothing to lose form an engagement where they choose the services of a competitor. It is also evident that the general lack of clear substitutes in the movie industry makes the sellers to have an advantage especially due to the fact that they can easily retain the market share. However, the weakening power of buyers due to change in lifestyles as well as a changing economic factors have colluded to deny the movie industry valuable revenues that were initially associated with it. As far as substitute products are concerned, the lack of clear substitutes in the movie industry has ensured that the power of substitutes has an insignificant influence as far as the extent of strategy crafting is concerned. Movies do not have a direct substitute hence the overall rating of this category of external environment is low. When the intensity of industry rivalry is examined, it is evident that the movie industry is characterized by stiff competition among the main industry players. A shrinking market due to a change in the overall societal culture has led to intense competition especially to ensure that firms survive.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Strategic Management: Case Study about Movie Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Lastly, the bargaining power of suppliers in the movie industry is low, despite their limited numbers. This has been occasioned by the nature of rivalry among the players as well as lack of a clear differentiation of the products offered. Each supplier gets an opportunity to bask in glory when a specific product is fresh thus attracting thousands of viewers. However, due to the short product lifecycle associated with the industry, the suppliers have little bargaining power. Reference List Chaffey, D. 2009. Internet marketing: strategy, implementation and practice. New York: Prentice Hall. Hill, C. and Jones, G. 2009. Strategic Management Theory: An Integrated Approach. Upper Saddle River: Cengage Learning. O’Regan, T. 2010. Local Hollywood: Global Film Production and the Gold Coast Ben. New York: UQP. Porter, M. 2008. On competition. New York: Harvard Business Press. This case study on Strategic Management: Case Study about Movie Industry was written and submitted by user Iker Klein to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.
Sunday, November 24, 2019
Earthquake Research Paper
Earthquake Research Paper It is a bitter and humiliating thing to see works, which have cost men so much time and labour, overthrown in one minute; yet compassion for the inhabitants is almost instantly forgotten†¦ Charles Darwin (on the ruin of Concepcion in Chile by an earthquake (Robinson 47) People tremble when they hear the word; destruction, mayhem, and tragedy: all words that come to mind when earthquake is heard. They occur without warning and cause millions of dollars in destruction and numerous deaths. For these reasons and more, earthquakes are one of the most unpredictable and devastating occurrences Mother Nature dishes out. Earthquakes usually occur without warning. There is a sudden slip in the earth’s crust, which makes the earth shake causing mass destruction to buildings and people in the surrounding areas. These areas in the earth’s crust are called faults. When the earth â€Å"faults†the ground bends to a certain limit until the point of breaking. When it finally snaps, it sends vibrations up to the earth’s surface where the earthquake occurs (USGS). There are two different types of waves during an earthquake, the P-wave and the S-wave. The P-wave is the primary wave that is the first wave to arrive, followed by the transverse, or S-waves, which arrive after (USGS). Quakes can last for short or long periods of time and are sometimes followed by aftershocks. They are tiny earthquakes that last for a few seconds after the bigger quake. Charles F. Richter of the California Institute of Technology created the Richter magnitude scale in 1935 in order to compare the magnitudes of earthquakes. The magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the logarithm of the amplitude of waves recorded by seismographs (USGS). The scale ranges from numbers zero through 10. A number such as 4.6 on the Richter scale would be considered a mediocre earthquake in seismologists’ minds while any number over six would be a large earthquake. Earthquakes under a two rating are not felt by people and are not recorded because no damage is done. Earthquakes of these magnitudes are likely to occur thousands of times a day while one of a ranking higher than eight will only occur once on average in the world each year. Earthquakes have also been measured in equivalence to weights of dynamite. For example, if an earthquake gets a reading between a 6.0 and a 7.0, it is the same as blowing up around 100,000 tons of dynamite (Nuhfer 39). Earthquakes cause massive losses in money for the government when they strike. Buildings are knocked over, streets cracked, and there are many electrical problems that they have to deal with. It takes a lot of time for places to recover from the effects of earthquakes. A new Federal Emergency Management Agency report says that damages from U.S. earthquakes total about $ 4.4 billion a year. California alone accounts for $ 3.3 billion of the total (Fema 9). Another tragic loss we have when earthquakes come around is the loss of our family and friends. Thousands of people lose their lives without ever knowing what hit them. The most devastating quake in United States history is by far the one that â€Å"shook the world†in San Francisco in 1906. More than three thousand lives were taken on that day. The closest death toll to this in the United States was one hundred and fifteen, an earthquake that occurred in Long Beach, California in 1933 (USGS). To try and reduce these loses of friends and relatives, there are steps to reduce hazards in the home. One example if you are in a high seismic-risk zone would be to strap or bolt all furniture to the floor or to the walls so that if an earthquake does occur, it will not harm anyone. Also, the frame should be checked periodically to make sure that it is all in tact. One final precaution would be to use plywood sheathing wherever needed, such as garage door areas, to strengthen the home so that less damage will occur (Bolt 228-29). Most of the earthquakes that happen in the United States occur on the West Coast, especially in California. This is true because of one of the most famous fault lines in the world, the San Andreas Fault. This fault line stretches for over six hundred miles from the Imperial Valley in Southern California to Point Arena on the northern coast and then out to sea. To date more than twenty-five earthquakes have occurred in California. Most of these are because of the San Andreas Fault. And these are only the earthquakes that have been measured on the Richter scale. The most recent damage an earthquake has done in the United States was on February 28, 2001 in the Puget Sound region of Washington State, called the Nisqually earthquake. The quake measured a 6.8 on the Richter scale and shook the earth for a good forty seconds. Even though it was a long earthquake, it was still one of the less damaging earthquakes of this magnitude in the United States. Immediately after the quake, 28 state bridge inspection teams examined about 500 state-owned bridges within a 73-mile radius of the epicenter. There was almost no structural damage, said Weigel, Washington State Dept. of Transportation bridge engineer, to insure safety for motorists using the bridges (News Site). There was only one death contributed to it, a heart attack victim. The damage bill was nothing compared to other quakes. The bill totaled up to around two billion dollars. That may seem like a lot, but when compared to the earthquake in Northridge, California in 1994 it was pennies. This qu ake ranked at 6.7 on the scale and was the costliest earthquake the United Stated had ever had at forty billion dollars. The after shocks of this earthquake caused more damage than the entire Nisqually quake including its aftershocks, which did not reach above a 3.4 (SCEC). This quake was also different from other quakes, as the city of Santa Monica knows first hand. Parts of their coastal city, 21 kilometers south of Northridge and separated from it by a mountain range, had received shocks just as severe as those felt in Northridge (O’Hanlon). Scientists are still stunned about why this occurred, but attribute it to something of a magnifying glass of a rock in the earth’s surface that focused the quake to Santa Monica. The Northridge quake, like all others, brought attention to the way that some buildings were structured. Although not much damage was done to some buildings due to the soft soil around it, others were hit hard. One of the more severely damaged buildings was the six-story Palmer Court Building, an un-reinforced masonry structure located in Seattles historic Pioneer Square district (Staff 10). Although damage to buildings is inevitable during an earthquake, improvements can still be made to buildings so that they do not end up like the Palmer Court Building. Every building, however moves somewhat during an earthquake, no matter its size. During the Loma Prieta Earthquake in San Francisco during the World Series, the seats were seen shaking back and forth along with the entire Candlestick Park. After a few moments of shaking, it regained its original position without much structural damage (Levy 94). Although this is the most recent quake felt by the United States, one that occurred nearly a century ago will not soon be forgotten. The earthquake that occurred in San Francisco on April 18, 1906 ranks as one of the most significant earthquakes of all time (USGS). At around 5:00 in the morning, the northernmost 290 miles of the San Andreas Fault ruptured. Although the Richter scale was not around, it is believed to be one of the most powerful earthquakes to ever hit the United States. The city shook violently for almost a full minute. Fires blazed and approximately three thousand people were killed in this tragic event. So is there anything anybody can do to prepare for another such disaster? There is really no way of knowing when the next earthquake will hit, but seismologists have several methods so that they can estimate approximately when another one will occur. By studying the amount of earthquakes and when they happen in a certain area, seismologist can then guess the probability of another one occurring in that area within a given time (CBC News). This will then give people the time to prepare themselves for another possible quake. Seismologists can also measure how much stress a certain region of the earths crust is under, and how quickly that stress is increasing. This will help them to determine if another quake is likely in that region, but it is a very difficult procedure and far from perfect because a lot of areas lack the equipment and data needed for this. There is no way to stop earthquakes from shaking our earth. It is something that, unfortunately, we will have to deal with for the rest of our lives. Many scientists and seismologists are doing the best they can so that we can be better prepared for another earthquake when it hits. Until the time when we will be able to predict when they will strike comes, we will have to live knowing that at anytime an earthquake can come and shake up the earth as well as our lives.
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Cast study- Iron Deficiency Anemia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Cast study- Iron Deficiency Anemia - Essay Example Mrs. A hemoglobin and hematocrit levels fall below those of a healthy person. Her reticulocyte levels, erythrocyte count and RBC smear are also short of those of a healthy person. In addition to the below healthy values, the low blood pressure, increased temperatures, elevated respiratory rates and heart beat rate noted by the physician points to low oxygen levels in the cells. The low oxygen levels emerge from poor oxygen supply. Based on the cases and values represented, it is convenient for doctors to diagnose the type of anemia such as megaloblastic, pernicious, aplastic and iron deficiency anemia. Mrs. A values shows that she has iron-deficiency anemia. For 10-12 years, Mrs. A has dealt with menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea. Menorrhagia is the excessive losses of blood during the menstrual period while dysmenorrheal refer to the painful cramps that accompany the blood loss. Quite a number of women with bleeding disorders experience the two gynecological complications. Since it has been a long time that Mrs. A has experienced the blood loss, there is develops a high likely hood of developing iron deficiency anemia. Essentially, medical evidence points out that frequent menorrhagia and poor management of blood loss during the menstrual cycle increases the chances of getting iron-deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency anemia in adults, especially women, comes from blood loss (Meselson, 2013). The fact that Mrs. A ingests 1000 milligrams of aspirin after every 3 or 4 hours for six days during her menses increases the chances of further blood loss. Additionally, the ingestion of Aspirin to reduce the stiffness in her joints while playing golf i s dangerous to her well-being. Aspirin is non-steroidal in nature and it can trigger gastrointestinal bleeding. According to Burke and Deakin (1998) adolescent females that engage in endurance training bear higher risks of developing iron-deficiency anemia. Medical studies also identify
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
Policing Policies in the USA and the UK Coursework
Policing Policies in the USA and the UK - Coursework Example This report looks at the background and the development of the policing policies in the USA and the UK to understand the drivers and motivations that inform police activity in these countries. A comparison with the reported crime levels allows comparison of their performance and effectiveness and thus the systems. Why are the police so important in the development of democratic societies The police are different from any other government entity. Of all government functions, the policing function is arguably the most visible, the most immediate, the most intimately involved with the well-being of individuals and the health of the communities. Police represents a vital arm of the government and is primarily responsible for the maintenance of law and order within the political boundaries of a country. The organisation, the underlying philosophy and the way police approach their task reflects the approach to governance that the country has especially towards its citizens. Conversely, the attitude of the community towards the police also affects the way the police approach their job. Regardless of the way the policing function is organised the result is what is important. The essential questions to ask are: While it is widely agreed that the functions of the police ... The essential questions to ask are: a) Whether the police is effective in crime reduction and, b) Do the police meet the needs of the society whose interest it serves While it is widely agreed that the functions of the police embrace much more than crime investigation and control as also that police are not the only institution that is responsible for crime abatement, this essay considers only the role of the police in fighting crime. At the end of the 1980s, the change in societal environment, and the demographics of crime and drug abuse clearly indicated that the traditional police practices were inadequate to control crime (Greenwood et al 1977; Kelling et al 1974). Two decades of rising crime led to a gradual erosion of public confidence in the institution (Crank & Langworthy 1992) and demanded the use of innovative practices to meet the requirements of the society. While the American police adopted the 'zero tolerance' approach that continued to tend toward use of force to keep the streets clean, the British police, except for a few disastrous experiments with 'zero tolerance' gravitated towards the more liberal approach. A comparison of police systems and practices in America and Britain helps understand the cultural and operational philosophy differences between the two and impact they have on their effectiveness. The analysis and discussion in this report is limited to police organisations in urban and metropolitan areas with rural policing specifically excluded. This report explores the different constructs that earlier research suggests in terms of defining 'models' and 'styles' of police service provision. Using these, the recent historical developments of the actual practices in America and Britain and their
Sunday, November 17, 2019
Political Science Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Political Science - Research Proposal Example In the abstract, the text will mention the main findings of the research that have been obtained from consulting various sources related to the topic of study. This will be summarized in about one page in the beginning of the paper after the project title. In this section of the paper, the historic development of human rights laws will be discussed in reference to each of these two countries to what is in application to date. The specific policies and other human rights interventions will be discussed in identifying the pros and cons of these two nations in enforcing equity in law among its people. The information that would have been gathered about the human rights positions of these two nations will then be examined in this analysis section. The merits and demerits that would have been established in enforcing human rights will be compared so that a recommendation can be justified from the information.
Friday, November 15, 2019
Laboratorio de Metalurgia FÃÂsica
Laboratorio de Metalurgia Fà sica 5.1.3 Practicas en el Laboratorio de Metalurgia Fà sica Preparacià ³n Metalografà a de Muestras  · OBJETIVO Iniciar al estudiante en la preparacià ³n metalografà a de muestras y anà ¡lisis de las mismas.  · INTRODUCCIÓN TEÓRICA: Bajo el nombre de metalografà a se engloban toda una serie de tà ©cnicas y conocimientos cientà ficos cuyo fin à ºltimo es la observacià ³n tanto macroscà ³pica como microscà ³pica de las caracterà sticas estructurales de los metales y aleaciones. La presente prà ¡ctica de laboratorio se basa exclusivamente en la preparacià ³n de muestras (llamadas probetas) para la observacià ³n microscà ³pica de materiales metà ¡licos, a travà ©s del uso del microscopio à ³ptico metalogrà ¡fico (MO).  · La preparacià ³n metalogrà ¡fica Involucra una serie de pasos para obtener una probeta con una superficie perfectamente plana y libre de rayas al observarse bajo el microscopio à ³ptico. Primero se comienza seleccionando una muestra adecuada, cortà ¡ndola para llevarla a un tamaà ±o conveniente y de ser necesario se embute en una resina polimà ©rica o se monta en un sujetador mecà ¡nico para facilitar su manipulacià ³n. Posterior a esto, la superficie debe esmerilarse y lijarse hasta lograr la planaridad y luego pulirse con ayuda de discos rotativos cubiertos de fieltro impregnados de una suspensià ³n abrasiva, para eliminar las marcas del esmerilado. El pulido, provee en la mayorà a de los casos una superficie brillante tipo espejo. La observacià ³n al microscopio de muestras no-metà ¡licas, sean materiales cerà ¡micos o materiales compuestos sigue (por lo general) las mismas etapas del proceso de preparacià ³n de muestras metà ¡licas, aunque frecuentemente se requieren de instrumentos de corte y abrasivos de mayor dureza. Las tà ©cnicas y conocimientos para la preparacià ³n de este tipo de muestras se engloban en el tà ©rmino petrografà a.  · DESARROLLO EXPERIMENTAL: Materiales y Equipos †¢ Muestras metà ¡licas †¢ Cortadoras de disco. †¢ Esmeril de Cinta. †¢ Papeles de lija. †¢ Pulidoras Rotativas. †¢ Microscopio Óptico. †¢ Dispositivo de captura de imà ¡genes. †¢ Alcohol. †¢ Algodà ³n y recipiente para guardar las probetas  · DESBASTE GRUESO. †¢ Esmerile, en la esmeriladora de cinta, la superficie de la muestra hasta obtener una superficie plana, cuidando de mantener un flujo constante de refrigerante. †¢ Una vez que la superficie a observar està © totalmente plana, lave la muestra con abundante agua. Limpie el equipo. No deje residuos de refrigerante en los alrededores.  · DESBASTE FINO v Comenzando por el papel esmeril de menor nà ºmero, desbaste la muestra movià ©ndola sobre el papel abrasivo en una misma direccià ³n, de manera recà proca. La direccià ³n del movimiento debe ser perpendicular a las huellas del desbaste grueso. El proceso culmina al deben desaparecer las huellas del desgaste grueso por la abrasià ³n efectuada, o equivalentemente, cuando toda la superficie de la probeta està © cubierta por rayas paralelas a la direccià ³n de movimiento. v Lave muy bien su muestra con agua y colà ³quela, sobre el siguiente papel de esmeril, de manera tal que las rayas anteriores sean perpendiculares a las nuevas rayas. Repita el paso anterior, hasta que està ©n borradas la totalidad de las rayas generadas en el paso anterior. Puede ir chequeando con regularidad la desaparicià ³n de las rayas observando al microscopio la superficie de la muestra. Asegà ºrese de secar muy bien la muestra antes de colocarla en el microscopio, para ello enjuà ¡guela con alcohol Repita el paso anterior hasta llegar al papel esmeril de menor nà ºmero. v Al finalizar, lave muy bien la probeta, con abundante agua y sus manos con agua y jabà ³n. Limpie con un paà ±o la mesa de lijas, asegà ºrese de no dejar charcos de agua luego de finalizado su trabajo.  · PULIDO Este es uno de los pasos mà ¡s crà ticos de la preparacià ³n metalogrà ¡fica, por lo tanto antes de comenzar, lave muy bien con abundante agua el paà ±o que va a utilizar, para evitar la presencia de restos de metal o abrasivos que puedan estropear su proceso de pulido. v Agregue una pequeà ±a cantidad del abrasivo de tamaà ±o de partà cula mà ¡s grueso (suspensià ³n de alà ºmina de 1 micrà ³n, generalmente) al paà ±o de pulido y gradà ºe el grifo hasta tener un goteo de agua constante. v Coloque la muestra sostenià ©ndola firmemente sobre el disco rotatorio ejerciendo una presià ³n moderada, para asegurar un pulido parejo y evitar que la probeta sea proyectada por el movimiento del disco. v La probeta debe moverse suavemente desde la periferia hacia el centro del paà ±o y viceversa. Tambià ©n puede girarse en sentido contrario al movimiento del disco. La tà ©cnica y destreza para efectuar el pulido dependerà ¡ en gran parte de la muestra en estudio. v Pida la opinià ³n de su instructor y de ser necesario (la mayorà a de las veces lo es) pase a otro paà ±o y continà ºe el pulido con abrasivo de tamaà ±o de partà cula mà ¡s fino (suspensià ³n de alà ºmina de 0,3 micrones, generalmente) o con algà ºn otro tipo de abrasivo, esto dependerà ¡ de la muestra que usted està © preparando. v Una vez que su muestra haya alcanzado una superficie plana tipo espejo, là ¡vela con abundante agua, rocà ela con alcohol, evitando la presencia de rastro alguno de humedad que pueda crear confusià ³n al momento del anà ¡lisis microscà ³pico. Una vez mà ¡s colabore con el mantenimiento del laboratorio y limpie, con un trapo, todo resto de agua y de suspensià ³n abrasiva que su trabajo haya podido dejar. v Observe su muestra pulida al microscopio, esta observacià ³n, dependiendo de la aleacià ³n, puede ser de significativa importancia a la hora de observar ciertos aspectos microestructurales, tales como ciertas fases e inclusiones, asà como otros defectos propios del material (grietas y porosidades) e inclusive defectos generados en la etapa de pulido (colas de cometa y rayas). PRACTICA NO. 12 Ataque quà mico y microscà ³pica à ³ptica.  · OBJETIVOS †¢ Introducir al estudiante en la tà ©cnica del ataque quà mico como herramienta para revelar la microestructura de probetas preparadas metalogrà ¡ficamente. †¢ Conocer las partes constituyentes, usos y cuidados del Microscopio Óptico (MO)  · INTRODUCCIÓN TEÓRICA: Sin duda, desde el punto de vista cientà fico-tà ©cnico, el aliado mà ¡s importante del ingeniero de materiales es el microscopio, debido a que gracias a à ©l, se puede observar la microestructura, responsable directa del comportamiento mecà ¡nico y fisicoquà mico de los materiales. El microscopio utilizado para el anà ¡lisis microestructural de materiales se denomina microscopio à ³ptico metalogrà ¡fico (MO), el cual difiere de los microscopios comunes, en que funciona con luz reflejada sobre la muestra y no con luz transmitida a travà ©s de à ©sta. Luego del pulido, la microestructura del material se ve ocultada por una pequeà ±a capa de metal distorsionado y plà ¡sticamente deformado, que puede ser disuelto a travà ©s del uso de diversas sustancias quà micas, denominadas reactivos, las cuales actà ºan generando un proceso de corrosià ³n selectiva que permite, dependiendo del caso, hacer visibles aspectos microestructurales tales como los là mites de grano y las diferentes fases que conforman una aleacià ³n.  · PREPARACIÓN PREVIA: Antes de realizar la prà ¡ctica el estudiante debe indagar sobre los siguientes aspectos relacionados con el desarrollo de la misma: v Teorà a del ataque quà mico y reactivos quà micos mà ¡s usuales para el ataque de aleaciones ferrosas y no ferrosas. v Toxicidad y manejo de los reactivos indagados. v Teorà a del funcionamiento del microscopio metalogrà ¡fico y sus diferencias con el microscopio biolà ³gico. v Usos, partes constituyentes y cuidados del microscopio metalogrà ¡fico. Se recomienda ademà ¡s que el estudiante venga al momento de la prà ¡ctica preparado con suficiente algodà ³n para preservar su probeta, asà como tambià ©n con un recipiente apropiado para resguardarla. Deberà ¡ tambià ©n procurarse un par de guantes de là ¡tex, de tipo cirujano, para las labores de ataque quà mico.  · DESARROLLO EXPERIMENTAL: Materiales y Equipos: †¢ Muestra (s) metà ¡lica (s) pulida (s). †¢ Reactivos quà micos. †¢ Pinzas para sujecià ³n de probetas. †¢ Guantes de Là ¡tex. †¢ Microscopio Óptico. †¢ Alcohol. †¢ Algodà ³n y recipiente para guardar las probetas.  · Procedimiento Experimental: . Ataque quà mico de la superficie pulida y observacià ³n al microscopio. Este es otro de los aspectos crà ticos de la preparacià ³n metalogrà ¡fica, y el que quizà ¡ requiere de mà ¡s cuidados a la hora de ser implantado. Cuà dese de evitar el contacto de los reactivos quà micos con su piel o con los ojos y utilice guantes de là ¡tex y pinzas para sujetar la probeta mientras la sumerge en los reactivos de ataque. Evite la aspiracià ³n de los gases generados durante la reaccià ³n de ataque y trate en lo posible de trabajar dentro de la campana de gases. †¢ Ataque su muestra con el reactivo que usted haya seleccionado de acuerdo a las caracterà sticas de su muestra. Existen varias tà ©cnicas, pero puede hacerlo por inmersià ³n de la superficie pulida en el reactivo, o pasando delicadamente un algodà ³n impregnado del reactivo sobre la superficie. Si tiene alguna duda plantà ©esela al instructor. †¢ Una vez completado el tiempo de ataque, lave cuidadosamente su muestra bajo el chorro de agua, rocà ela con alcohol. †¢ Observe la muestra al microscopio y si à ©sta resulta sobreatacada, repita el proceso de desbaste fino (lijado) desde el à ºltimo papel (grano mà ¡s fino) y vuelva a pulir en los paà ±os su muestra. Vuelva a atacar acortando el tiempo del proceso. Si la pieza resulta subatacada, sà ³lo tiene que continuar el ataque por mà ¡s tiempo. †¢ Observe muestra al microscopio bajo supervisià ³n del instructor, con ayuda del encargado del laboratorio y fundamentà ¡ndose en el criterio que debe haber desarrollado a la luz de sus conocimientos y de su preparacià ³n previa a la prà ¡ctica. PRà CTICA NO. 13 ENSAYO JOMINY * Objetivos 1.1 Aplicar el Mà ©todo Jominy para determinar la templabilidad de los aceros. 1.2 Interpretar los resultados del Ensayo Jominy. Aplicar estos resultados en la clasificacià ³n de los aceros en funcià ³n de la templabilidad. 1.3 Determinar el perfil de temperaturas y de velocidades de enfriamiento. 1.4 Relacionar las velocidades de enfriamiento con las microestructuras obtenidas en las diferentes zonas de la probeta Jominy. 1.5 Evaluar la eficiencia del sistema enfriante y corroborar la validez del ensayo Jominy. * Pre-laboratorio: Antes de realizar la prà ¡ctica el estudiante debe indagar sobre los siguientes aspectos, relacionados con el desarrollo de la misma. 3.1 Curvas Jominy para el acero a ser ensayado. 3.2 Influencia de los elementos de aleacià ³n en la templabilidad de los aceros. 3.3 Relacià ³n entre el Ensayo Jominy y las curvas tiempo temperatura transformacià ³n. 3.4 Factores que afectan a los ensayos de dureza y escala de dureza a utilizar. 3.5 Quà © puntos realmente interesan de la curva Jominy. 3.6 Caracterà sticas de las transformaciones perlà ticas y martensà ticas. 3.7 Caracterà sticas del Ensayo Jominy.  · Materiales Una probeta Jominy de acero AISI 1045, de dimensiones estandarizadas de acuerdo a la norma ASTM. Adicionalmente, à ©stas deben estar perforadas sobre la superficie opuesta al extremo a ser templado. * Procedimiento En el Laboratorio de Tratamientos Tà ©rmicos: Se introduce la probeta Jominy en el horno de tratamiento tà ©rmico, el cual ha sido precalentado a la temperatura de austenizacià ³n adecuada. La temperatura y el tiempo de permanencia de la probeta en el horno debe haber sido especificados y determinados por Ud. Recuerde: El cà ¡lculo adecuado de las variables de operacià ³n en este caso; temperatura y tiempo, influyen en forma determinante en los resultados del ensayo. Luego de haber transcurrido el tiempo de mantenimiento, extraiga rà ¡pidamente la probeta del horno y colà ³quela en el sostà ©n de la cuba Jominy. Anteriormente debe haber comprobado que dicha cuba cumple con todos los requisitos establecidos en la norma. Realice el enfriamiento durante el tiempo estipulado en la norma antes mencionada. Una vez transcurrido el tiempo de ensayo, retire la probeta del sostà ©n y termà nela de enfriar en agua. 5.1.4 Practicas en el Laboratorio de Maquinas-Herramientas CILINDRADO INTERIOR EN EL TORNO Objetivo Hacer un agujero de un dià ¡metro y longitud determinada a una pieza metà ¡lica Materiales y equipos Pieza metà ¡lica Broca Mandril Cuchilla para trabajar interior Refrigerante (taladrina) Torno Procedimiento 1 º Se coloca la pieza en el plato 2 º Se gradà ºa el torno a la velocidad adecuada 3 º Se monta el mandril en el cabezal mà ³vil y luego se coloca la broca en el mandril 4 º Se lleva el cabezal mà ³vil hasta que la punta de la broca roce el centro de la pieza 5 º Se acciona la palanca de arranque del torno y con una manivela que tiene el cabezal mà ³vil en la parte posterior se le da profundidad del agujero que se desea hacer; el ancho del agujero lo determina el dià ¡metro de la broca o la cantidad de corte que se le de al agujero con la cuchilla de interior FRESADORA La fresadora es una mà ¡quina herramienta en la cual la pieza està ¡ fija y la herramienta es la que gira para efectuar el corte. 1. Base 2. Cuerpo 3. Caja de cambio ce avances 4. Palanca para el cambio de los avances 5. Caja de cambio de velocidades 6. Tirante para la fijacià ³n del eje portafresa 7. Eje principal 8. Palanca para el cambio de las velocidades 9. Puente 10. Volante para el desplazamiento del puente 11. Eje portafresa 12. Soporte intermedio del eje portafresa 13. Guà as del puente 14. Soporte extremo del eje portafresa 15. Riostras 16. Ranura central de la mesa 17. Manivela para traslacià ³n horizontal de la mesa 18. Mesa 19. Guà as de la mesa 20. Volante para el desplazamiento transversal de la mesa 21. Volante para la traslacià ³n horizontal de la mesa 22. Guà as para el carro portamesa 22. Manivela para la traslacià ³n vertical de la mà ©nsula 23. Carro portamesa 24. Manivela para la traslacià ³n vertical de la mà ©nsula 25. Palanca para el desplazamiento automà ¡tico transversal y horizontal de la masa 26. Columna soporte de la mà ©nsula 27. Palanca para la fijacià ³n de la mà ©nsula 28. Palanca para la inversià ³n de avance 29. Husillo para la traslacià ³n vertical de la mà ©nsula 30. Mà ©nsula 31. Guà a para la mà ©nsula 32. Eje de transmisià ³n de los avances FRESAS Las fresas tienen formas algo complicadas y puede decirse que està ¡n compuestas por un conjunto de elementos, cada uno de los cuales intervienen en diferente medida en el corte del material. Los distintos elementos de las fresas se designan con tà ©rminos tà ©cnicos que, en conjunto, forman la nomenclatura o terminologà a de las fresas. Varios de ellos pueden ser: Cuerpo de la fresa Arista de corte Periferia Dià ¡metro Caras y ancho de las fresas Cara del diente o cara del corte Cara de incidencia à ngulo de incidencia à ngulo de desprendimiento de viruta à ngulo de filo à ngulo de hà ©lice Prà ¡ctica NO. 20 FRESADO PLANO Objetivo Hacer una pieza con una cara plana Materiales y equipos Barra de aluminio Fresa frontal de dos cortes Refrigerante Fresadora Procedimiento 1 º Se monta una prensa o tornillo de sujecià ³n en la mesa de la fresadora y se sujeta la barra en la prensa 2 º Se monta la fresa en el eje porta fresas 3 º Se gradà ºa la velocidad en la caja de cambio de velocidades 4 º Con la manivela para la traslacià ³n vertical de la mensura se le da la profundidad de corte a la pieza 5 º Con el volante para la traslacià ³n horizontal de la mesa se procede a darle el corte a la pieza Los pasos 4 y 5 se repiten hasta que la pieza llegue al grosor deseado. Nota: Este procedimiento se emplea tambià ©n para el fresado frontal y para una combinacià ³n de ambos al mismo tiempo (fresado plano y frontal). Lo à ºnico que cambia es el emplear la fresadora. RANURA EN FORMA DE V Objetivo Hacer un canal en forma de V a lo largo de toda la pieza Materiales y equipos Pieza rectangular Fresa angular doble Refrigerante Fresadora Procedimiento 1 º Se sujeta la pieza a la mesa de la fresadora 2 º Se monta la frase angular doble en el eje porta fresas 3 º Se gradà ºa la velocidad en la caja de cambio de velocidades 4 º Con la manivela para la traslacià ³n vertical de la mà ©nsula se le da la profundidad de corte a la pieza 5 º Se acciona la palanca para el desplazamiento automà ¡tico horizontal de la mesa y se efectà ºa el corte a lo largo de la pieza Nota: Este procedimiento es el mismo a seguir para las siguientes operaciones: Hacer una ranura semicircular Hacer tornos de seccià ³n semicircular Hacer chaveteros Hacer ranuras en forma de T Hacer ranuras en cola de milano La à ºnica diferencia que hay entre estas operaciones es la forma de la fresa. Prà ¡ctica NO. 22 ENGRANAJE Objetivo Hacer un pià ±Ãƒ ³n o engranaje Materiales y equipos Barra de aluminio Cuchilla para cilindrar Fresa de modulo Refrigerante Torno Fresadora Mandril Broca Procedimiento 1 º Se coloca la barra en el plato del torno 2 º Se monta la cuchilla para cilindrar en la torre en forma para cilindrar 3 º Se gradà ºa la velocidad en la caja de cambio y la profundidad de corte en el carro transversal 4 º Se acciona la palanca de arranque y se procede a trabajar la pieza con el carro longitudinal hasta llegar al dià ¡metro requerido para el pià ±Ãƒ ³n o engranaje 5 º Se coloca la cuchilla en posicià ³n para refrentar y se procede a hacer dicho operacià ³n hasta llegar al espesor requerido 6 º Se hace un agujero pasante en el centro de la pieza de dià ¡metro que ajuste en el eje que va a ser montado el pià ±Ãƒ ³n. Este agujero se hace con una broca montado en un mandril el cual va montado en el cabezal mà ³vil 7 º Se desmonta la pieza del torno y se fija en el divisor que està ¡ sobre la mesa de la fresadora 8 º Se coloca la fresa de mà ³dulo en el eje porta fresa y se gradà ºa la velocidad y la profundidad de corte 9 º La cara plana de la pieza debe quedar perpendicular a la fresa 10 º Con los cà ¡lculos obtenidos de antemano se procede a trabajar la pieza. Despuà ©s del primer corte se debe de dar el nà ºmero de vueltas necesario al plato divisor, para dar el segundo corte y formar el primer diente; este à ºltimo procedimiento se realiza hasta que todos los dientes queden formados LIMADORA Prà ¡ctica No. 23 Objetivo Hacer una pieza de superficie plana 1. Mesa (Con letras A, B, C y D) Materiales y equipos Una barra de acero Una cuchilla Refrigerante (aceite o taladrina) Limadora Procedimiento 1 º Se fija la pieza en la mesa 2 º Se gradà ºa el avance de la mesa, la profundidad de corte y el nà ºmero de golpes del cabezal o carnero 3 º Se repite el nà ºmero de corte hasta llegar a la longitud y el espesor requerido Prà ¡ctica No. 24 Objetivo: Hacer un maquinado[1] en la fresadora CNC Procedimiento: La seguridad primero * Asegà ºrese de que todos saben dà ³nde està ¡ y cà ³mo se activa el botà ³n de parada de emergencia * Nunca deje objetos extraà ±os en el à ¡rea de maquinado (calibres, cepillos, latas de lubricantes, piezas ya maquinadas, etc.) * En ninguna circunstancia trate de acceder a la zona de maquinado mientras haya partes en movimiento * Use las herramientas provistas para ajustar puntas y fresas. La secuencia de operaciones: 1. Comience la ejecucià ³n con el software de maquinado, en realidad virtual (VRT o VRM) 2. Cargue, cree o edite su programa de CNC 3. Actualice la configuracià ³n de herramientas que tiene cargada el software 4. Simule el programa de maquinado en 2D o 3D (aunque es menos vistosa, la simulacià ³n en 2D es sumamente à ºtil y clara) 5. Encienda su mà ¡quina de CNC 6. Lleve los ejes a la posicià ³n de reposo (desde la lengà ¼eta Home) 7. Prepare las herramientas de la mà ¡quina, de manera que se correspondan con la configuracià ³n que cargà ³ en el software 8. Cargue la pieza de materia prima en el plato o banco 9. Ajuste el offset de la pieza y las herramientas Ejecute el maquinado Practica NO. 25 Objetivo: Hacer un torneado cà ³nico en el torno CNC Procedimiento: Funcionamiento del ciclo G81 en cada paso de torneado. Forma en la que se realiza cada paso de torneado: * 1-2: Desplazamiento en avance rà ¡pido (G00). * 2-3: Desplazamiento al avance programado en G01. * 3-4: Si se programa el parà ¡metro D, el desplazamiento es en avance rà ¡pido (G00) Si no se programa el parà ¡metro D, el desplazamiento es al avance programado en G01, siguiendo el perfil (este es nuestro caso). 4-5: Desplazamiento de retroceso en avance rà ¡pido (G00). Practica NO.26 Objetivo: Hacer un torneado de tramos curvos Introduccià ³n: Funcionamiento general del ciclo fijo G84. * Este ciclo realiza el cilindrado de un tramo curvo. * El tramo se definirà ¡ programando los valores de los diferentes parà ¡metros que componen el ciclo (los parà ¡metros se explican en mà ¡s adelante). * El ciclo mantiene el paso de profundidad especificado entre las sucesivas pasadas del cilindrado. * El ciclo realiza el cilindrado en desbaste y permite seleccionar, si se desea realizar una pasada de acabado con la misma herramienta tras finalizar el desbaste o no. Forma en la que se realiza cada paso de torneado: * 1-2: Desplazamiento en avance rà ¡pido (G00). * 2-3: Desplazamiento al avance programado en G01. * 3-4: Si se programa el parà ¡metro D, el desplazamiento es en avance rà ¡pido (G00). Si no se programa el parà ¡metro D, el desplazamiento es al avance programado en G01, siguiendo el perfil (este es nuestro caso). * 4-5: Desplazamiento de retroceso en avance rà ¡pido (G00). TALADRADORA Prà ¡ctica: 27 Objetivo Hacer un agujero a una plancha de metal Materiales y equipos Plancha de metal Broca Mandril Prensa o tornillo de sujecià ³n Refrigerante Taladradora Procedimiento 1 º Se monta el mandril en el eje principal y la broca en el mandril 2 º Se monta la prensa en la mesa superior y la plancha se sujeta en la prensa 3 º Con el volante para el avance sensitivo se procede a hacer el agujero Esmerilado: Es un proceso de remocià ³n de material en el cual las partà culas abrasivas està ¡n contenidas en una rueda de esmeril que opera a velocidad superficial muy alta. La rueda de esmeril tiene forma de disco balanceado con toda precisià ³n para soportar altas velocidades de rotacià ³n. Mà ©todo de Ruta Critica[2] para el cà ¡lculo de las actividades en el Laboratorio. El anà ¡lisis comienza con una descripcià ³n del proyecto en tà ©rmino de de actividades y eventos. A- Comienzo de obtencià ³n de materiales B- Terminacià ³n de obtencià ³n de materiales pieza 1 C- Terminacià ³n de obtencià ³n de materiales pieza 2 D- Terminacià ³n de trabajo de mà ¡quina pieza 1 E- Terminacià ³n de trabajo de mà ¡quina pieza 2 F- Comienzo de ensamble G- Terminacià ³n de ensamble H- Terminacià ³n de inspeccià ³n y prueba Este modelo puede variar dependiendo del tipo de pieza Control de Calidad en Cada Prà ¡ctica El control[3] incluye una secuencia universal de pasos: v Elegir un sujeto de control v Seleccionar una unidad de medida v Establecer una meta para el sujeto de control v Seleccionar un sensor v Medir el desempeà ±o real v Interpretar la diferencia entre està ¡ndar y real v Realizar una accià ³n sobre esa diferencia [4]Proceso de Produccià ³n El proceso de produccià ³n es el procedimiento tà ©cnico que se utiliza en el proyecto para obtener los bienes y servicios a partir de insumos, y se identifica como la transformacià ³n de una serie de insumos para convertirlos en productos mediante una determinada funcià ³n de produccià ³n. Conclusiones: Las prà ¡cticas presentadas cumplen con el marco de referencia educativo dominicano que tiene como funcià ³n garantizar la eficiencia y la eficacia global del mismo. Se ha tomado en cuenta la evaluacià ³n de los procesos docentes y los servicios que intervienen en la actividad educativa para satisfacer las necesidades de la sociedad: v El rendimiento de los aprendizajes alcanzados por los estudiantes; v El grado de coherencia alcanzado entre los fines educativos, las estrategias para alcanzarlos y los resultados; v La inversià ³n de recursos, su racionalidad y adecuacià ³n que garanticen la puesta en prà ¡ctica de la accià ³n educativa; v El peso de la innovacià ³n, la investigacià ³n y la experimentacià ³n educativas; v Las caracterà sticas socioeconà ³mica, afectiva, fà sica y social del alumno; v Las caracterà sticas personales y profesionales de los educadores, la calidad de vida y las facilidades de que dispongan; v La programacià ³n acadà ©mica, los contenidos curriculares y los materiales didà ¡cticos, deben estar en constante actualizacià ³n; v Los procesos de aprendizaje. v Las condiciones fà sicas desde el punto de vista del ambiente en que se desarrolla la actividad educativa, incluyendo aulas, laboratorios, bibliotecas, canchas deportivas, à ¡reas de recreacià ³n, servicios de agua potable e iluminacià ³n y equipamiento; v El grado de compromiso y la intervencià ³n de la familia, el hogar y la comunidad en el proceso educativo; v La orientacià ³n educativa y profesional; La investigacià ³n educativa que se aplica para identificar los problemas del sistema y adoptar los correctivos a los mismos. v Se deberà ¡n integrar las prà ¡cticas de corto tiempo para que se puedan ejecutar todas las prà ¡cticas durante el semestre ya que el nà ºmero de prà ¡cticas excede al nà ºmero de semanas. 6. Administracià ³n de las Adquisiciones del Proyecto El conjunto[5] de actividades comprendidas en el quehacer de la funcià ³n adquisiciones conforman, normalmente, el segundo bloque de la là nea crà tica en proyectos complejos. En un sentido amplio, su tarea consiste n abastecer la obra con todos los elementos necesarios (maquinaria, equipos, repuestos, instrumentos, instalaciones, suministros de construccià ³n y servicios), en las condiciones de costo, calidad y oportunidad, requeridas por el proyecto. Una caracterà stica sobresaliente de las adquisiciones es su estrecha interrelacià ³n con las demà ¡s funciones, sobre todo en proyectos intensivos en bienes de capital de origen importado, tecnolà ³gicamente complejos, con programacià ³n acelerada (ruta rà ¡pida) o financiamientos condicionados. Las formas en que es posible abordar el abastecimiento de maquinarias, equipos y suministros, son variadas, si se tiene en cuenta el tamaà ±o del proyecto, la existencia y confiabilidad de los servicios de la organizacià ³n perm anente, la complejidad de las adquisiciones, y la modalidad que se defina para los contratos de construccià ³n. Diseà ±o de Formularios y Mecanismos de Control Adquisicià ³n de equipos El laboratorio[6] debe disponer de polà tica y procedimiento para la seleccià ³n y adquisicià ³n de los equipos, que incluya: * Especificacià ³n de las caracterà sticas necesarias, de acuerdo con los requisitos de tolerancias e incertidumbres. * Seleccià ³n y evaluacià ³n de los proveedores. El laboratorio debe evaluar a los proveedores y mantener un registro de estas evaluaciones. Es recomendable, siempre que sea posible, seleccionar los suministradores que cumplen con la Norma UNE-EN ISO/IEC 17025 o que tienen implantado un sistema de calidad acorde, por ejemplo, con las normas ISO 9000. * Requisitos solicitados al proveedor, tales como: documentacià ³n, certificado de calibracià ³n o verificacià ³n, periodo de garantà a, periodo de entrega, etc. En la adquisicià ³n de los equipos nuevos el laboratorio deberà a exigirle, a los fabricantes o distribuidores, la disponibilidad del Manual de Instrucciones del equipo en espaà ±ol. * Anà ¡lisis de las ofertas frente a las especificaciones y seleccià ³n de los equipos. Todas las actividades, relacionadas con la compra de los equipos y materiales, convienen documentarlas y archivarlas. Recepcià ³n de equipos Cuando el laboratorio recibe el equipo o material debe constatar, en primer lugar, que: * Se corresponde con las caracterà sticas y especificaciones del pedido o solicitud de adquisicià ³n, * Va acompaà ±ado de la documentacià ³n adecuada y completa (por ejemplo los certificados de calibracià ³n o conformidad, si son necesarios). * El laboratorio debe tener establecido un procedimiento que * Asegure que los equipos recibidos no sean utilizados o puestos en * servicio hasta que: * Se haya comprobado que no han sufrido ningà ºn daà ±o y funcionan * correctamente, * Hayan sido calibrados o verificados, cuando se considere necesario, * De que cumplen las especificaciones requeridas, debiendo mantenerse un registro de las medidas adoptadas para comprobarlo. Los equipos recibidos, cuando ya està ©n disponibles o instalados para realizar la funcià ³n para la cual han sido adquiridos, deben darse de alta, codificarse y etiquetarse, y ser incluidos en el inventario de los equipos disponibles del laboratorio. Inventario y codificacià ³n de equipos El inventario o listado (o base de datos) de los equipos disponibles debe incluir, como mà nimo, los equipos utilizados para realizar ensayos y/o calibraciones que tengan una relacià ³n directa con los resultados, asà como aquellos equipos auxiliares que requieren de algà ºn tipo de control, mantenimiento, verificacià ³n o calibracià ³n. En el inventario deberà ¡ constar la fecha de su elaboracià ³n y, como mà nimo, el cà ³digo del equipo, la denominacià ³n del equipo, la marca, el modelo, el no. de serie, y la fecha de alta. El cà ³digo del laboratorio debe identificar al equipo de forma univoca y permitir relacionarlo con la documentacià ³n que se va generando (etiquetas, ficha/registro, procedimientos de funcionamiento, de mantenimiento y calibracià ³n, registros de datos, certificados de calibracià ³n, diarios de uso, etc.) y con su historial a lo largo de los aà ±os (averà as, sustituciones, modificaciones, etc.). El laboratorio debe mantener actualizado el inventario de los equipos disponibles, para ello serà ¡ necesario establecer un procedimiento del control y/o comunicacià ³n (por ejemplo, mediante impresos) de las altas, bajas o traslado
Tuesday, November 12, 2019
Compare the poems and comment on how the way Owen and Southey convey Es
Compare the poems and comment on how the way Owen and Southey convey their attitude towards war - Dulce et Decorum Est 'Dulce et Decorum Est' tells the story of how Wilfred Owen experiences world war first hand and tells of his bitter angst towards the government who try to persuade young men to join the army. Owen developed many of his poetic techniques at Craiglockhart Military Hospital where he spent much of the war as an injured soldier, and was able to express his ideas and feelings on paper He uses the Latin phrase 'Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori,' which translates into 'it is sweet and glorious to die for one's country.' Owen tells of how this phrase is wrong, how it is not glorious to experience the harsh reality of war with the explosions and the screeching of missiles, which he saw with his own eyes. The phrase is deceptive to the men that are called up as they look to help their country and believe that it is something to die for. The poem begins with a slow rhythm through the use of heavy, long words, in order to illustrate how slow and painstaking war was. Owens view on war is that it is a dangerous thing to do and using a Latin phrase is just a way of recruiting more troops. He states, "My friend, you would not tell with such high zest The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori" 'My friend' refers to another war poet, Jessie Pope, who had a completely different aspect on war. Owen emphasises the word 'lie' as he fully believes that the phrase is one. The poem begins with the lines, "Bent double, like old beggars under sacks, Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge" This gives the audience a picture of soldiers with heavy bags on their ... ... victory." He seems to see the battle as a battle that must happen in order for something good to come of it. He uses "it was a famous victory" a few times at the end of verses, which he is determined to get across the point of this battle was worth fighting for, though he contradicts himself as he cannot explain what it is. Kaspar corrects Wilhelmine when she states that it was a wicked thing and says that it was a famous victory. I get the impression that Robert Southey believes that good can come of war, though he doesn't fully understand what the Battle of Blenheim was about. I have come to the conclusion that Wilfred Owen is fully against war and not prepared to change his mind, as he experienced first-hand how tragic it can be. Southey's attitude towards war is one that good can become of it, and Owen believes it is a terrible and tragic thing.
Sunday, November 10, 2019
Disabilites: Curses or Blessings?
Imagine living an entire, dreadful life where every item in every single glare was black and white. Or every sprint a person takes leaves the individual breathless. Or picture an innocent, young child who cannot talk or utilize other major abilities like most of the other kids can. These are just few of the many possible scenarios anyone in the U. S. , or even the rest of the world, can have. These scenarios so to speak are disabilities. According to (http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/disabilities) a disability is a physical or mental handicap, especially one that prevents a person from living a full, normal life.Disabilities are indeed categorized as being either physical or mental handicaps, and can range from color blindness and asthma to forms of learning disabilities. Also, disabilities can occur at any stage of an individual’s life. The person can be born with the disability, or can retrieve at later age of their life. Whether the age is 16 or 80, a person can obt ain a disability at the most unexpected time of their life. For example, autism is a type of mental disability that a person is generally born with. In fact, autism affects 1 in every 110 kids and is currently the #1 growing disease in America (http://www. utismspeaks. org/what-autism/faq). Additionally, autism affects more people than cancer, HIV, and diabetes combined (http://www. autismspeaks. org/what-autism/faq). However, many people can attain a type of disability throughout their life like arthritis, which is a chronic, as well as, inflammatory disease that affects a human’s bones/discs, and can lead to multiple symptoms (http://www. buzzle. com/articles/arthritis/. Yet, despite the endless negative effects of physical, mental, and even developmental disabilities on Americans, these curses have actually been blessings in disguise throughout American history.Many Americans, like presidents or inventors, have positively impacted our country and even left legacies within history. Yet, almost all of these legends had a type of disability. So, perhaps more people have disabilities than most Americans presumed. Maybe disabilities affect so many Americans that these â€Å"special†people within society aren’t so special or different after all. These people may even be something that defies the dictionary’s definition of a disability, normal. There are three categories of disabilities, yet the physical category has the most disabilities, as well as, the most varying.Any issues relating to sight, hearing, chronic functions, or mobility are forms of physical disabilities. For instance, blindness, which is loss of vision/color due to mutations in a gene that produces a protein required by the retina (http://www. buzzle. com/articles/disabilities/), is the most common physical disability relating to the human’s sense of sight. Nevertheless, famous Underground Railroad conductor Harriet Tubman, who rescued hundreds of slaves from t orture in South and lead to freedom in the North, developed blindness due to a severe head injury from a cruel slave owner (http://www. isabled-world. com/artman/publish/famous-blind. shtml). But that didn’t stop Tubman from giving liberty to all of her fellow slaves. Another inspiring, American woman that developed blindness, and even hearing impairment, at a rather younger age is Helen Keller. Though Helen Keller had to live her entire life with 2 of the 5 major human senses not functioning, she would still graduate college and morph into a world-famous speaker and author. Keller is remembered as being an advocate or supporter of people with disabilities (http://www. disabled-world. com/artman/publish/famous-blind. shtml).Speaking of people with hearing impairments, another brilliant American with that particular disability is the famous inventor Thomas Edison. Regardless of the deafness he attributed from scarlet fever during childhood, as well as, the other disabilities h e obtained like asperser syndrome and dyslexia, Edison still managed to greatly aid America with the simple invention of a light bulb and the phonograph (http://www. disabled-world. com/artman/publish/famous-deaf. shtml). If being blind or deaf was bad enough, just imagine being able to walk one day and then the next day unable to control the many muscles of the human body.Mobility disabilities like arthritis, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, Parkinson’s disease, and even stroke are just some of many examples of disabilities that a human can acquire at any moment of their precious life. Even with paralysis, another mobility disability that a medical condition where a person loses all the control over his/her muscles, Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) still managed to serve at the 32nd President of the U. S. for a record-holding 4 terms. Being paralyzed from the waist down, FDR executed multiple treatments like UV lights, massages, and mineral baths.He con sulted a number of other physicians and therapists in a vain effort to revitalize his muscles, but no success came. (http://www. disabled-world. com/artman/publish/famous-polio. shtml). However, FDR was successful in â€Å"walking†in front of Congress, as well as, the entire world in producing one of his most famous speeches. The last form of a physical disability a human can encounter is chronic illnesses like chronic fatigue syndrome, cancer, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, or even Club Feet like what the famous founder of the Radical Republicans Thaddeus Stevens got hold of.Stevens suffered many hardships in his childhood including club feet, a birth defect in which the foot is twisted in and down, and without treatment, afflicts a person to walk on their ankles. (http://www. disabled-world. com/artman/publish/famous-clubfoot. shtml). Another popular disease, that successful presidents like John F. Kennedy, Woodrow, and Teddy Roosevelt suffered from, was asthma, which is a chronic co ndition involving the respiratory system in which the airway occasionally constricts, becomes inflamed (http://www. isabled-world. com/artman/publish/asthma-famous. shtml). Yet, this didn’t prevent any of these admirable men from completing the challenging duty of serving as the President of the United States. The other 2 categories of disabilities are mental and developmental disabilities. These classes of disabilities do not contain as many, or varying diseases as the physical category, but possesses unique effects and information for scientists to use in discovering a remedy in the challenging world of medicine.Mental disabilities like Alzheimer’s disease, anxiety disorder, memory loss, phobias, and hell even schizophrenia offer more mysterious and unexplainable effects to a human than most physical diseases do like possessing memory loss, or obsessive behavior, or even specific fears to things like snakes or heights. Though most Americans most likely know those dis eases, what these Americans probably don’t know is that one of the greatest presidents in American history, Abraham Lincoln, suffered from a mood/bipolar disorder, which is a condition where the prevailing emotional mood is distorted or inappropriate. Depression/unipolar depression and ipolar disorder are two major types of mood disorder. According to many historians, the Emancipation Proclamation creator suffered from depression. (http://www. disabled-world. com/artman/publish/mooddisorders-famous. shtml) But, this did not stop Lincoln from aiding to free slaves in the South and even playing a major role in uniting the Union and the Confederacy during and after the Civil War. If possessing multiple abnormalities in the perception or expression of reality like a Schizophrenic or containing constant anxiety that stresses a person to an overwhelming rate like a person with an anxiety disorder (http://www. uzzle. com/articles/) was not mind-bottling enough, people should observe the developmental disabilities. Most developmental disabilities are complex learning disabilities like ADD/ADHD, down syndrome, or autism that almost all of these victims are born with due to unfortunate genetics. For instance, asperser syndrome, which has symptoms like being reluctance to listen or difficulty understanding social situations, etc, is another learning disability that is caused mainly by genetics.Therefore, many legendary American presidents or congressmen like Abraham Lincoln, Ben Franklin, George Washington, and Thomas Jefferson were diagnosed with Asperser’s. Even famous American inventors like Alex Graham Bell, who invented the telephone, Henry Ford, who created Ford cars, and Thomas Edison had Asperser syndrome. Additionally, Thomas Edison, as well as, Woodrow Wilson possessed dyslexia, which is a specific learning disability that manifests primarily as a difficulty with written language, particularly with reading and spelling (http://www. isabled-world. com/artman/publish/article_2130. shtml#ixzz1jOL7TeXN ). Many Americans, at some point in their life, can dream of being the president of the United States. Or many American can imagine inventing an item almost as useful as a time machine, or even impact America so immensely that their name will forever be echoed in history. But, almost all of American didn’t dream of accomplishing these great deeds in a wheelchair, or with vision and/or hearing impairments, or even with a severe learning disability.Yet, many historical Americans ranging from Abraham Lincoln and FDR to Thomas Edison and Helen Keller maybe dreamed or didn’t dream of making such impacts on our country. Nevertheless, these legends achieved all these tasks with disabilities under their belt. Perhaps disabled Americans won’t achieve such monumental tasks, or have their name repeated in the history books. Perhaps disabled Americans will never live what some people consider â€Å"a normal life†. But, maybe there are more Americans with physical, mental, and developmental disabilities than most people presume.Maybe since there were so many disabled Americans that accomplished so much throughout history, as well as, in our country today that disabled people could be considered. Or perhaps most disabled Americans won’t live an ordinary life. These Americans could live an extraordinary life. Works Cited â€Å"Disabilities | Define Disabilities at Dictionary. com. †Dictionary. com | Find the Meanings and Definitions of Words at Dictionary. com. Web. 14 Jan. 2012. . â€Å"Frequently Asked Questions | Autism Speaks. †Autism Speaks |. Web. 14 Jan. 2012. . â€Å"Arthritis | Buzzle. com. †Buzzle Web Portal: Intelligent Life on the Web. Web. 4 Jan. 2012. . â€Å"List of Disabilities and Disability Facts | Buzzle. com. †Buzzle Web Portal: Intelligent Life on the Web. Web. 14 Jan. 2012. . â€Å"Famous Blind and Vision Impaired Persons. †Dis abled World. Web. 14 Jan. 2012. . â€Å"Famous Well Known People with Hearing Impairments and Deafness. †Disabled World. Web. 14 Jan. 2012. . â€Å"Famous People Who Had and Have Polio. †Disabled World. Web. 14 Jan. 2012. . â€Å"Famous People with Club Feet or Foot. †Disabled World. Web. 14 Jan. 2012. . â€Å"Famous People with Asthma. †Disabled World. Web. 14 Jan. 2012. . â€Å"Famous People with Mood Disorders. †Disabled World. Web. 14 Jan.
Friday, November 8, 2019
34 Writing Tips That Will Make You a Better Writer
34 Writing Tips That Will Make You a Better Writer 34 Writing Tips That Will Make You a Better Writer 34 Writing Tips That Will Make You a Better Writer By Daniel Scocco A couple of weeks ago we asked our readers to share their writing tips. The response was far beyond the initial expectations, and the quality of the tips included was amazing. Thanks for everyone who contributed. Now, without further delay, the 34 writing tips that will make you a better writer! 1. Daniel Pay attention to punctuation, especially to the correct use of commas and periods. These two punctuation marks regulate the flow of your thoughts, and they can make your text confusing even if the words are clear. 2. Thomas Participate in NaNoWriMo, which challenges you to write a 50,000 word novel in a month. I noticed that my writing has definitely improved over the course of the book - and it’s not even finished yet. 3. Bill Harper Try not to edit while you’re creating your first draft. Creating and editing are two separate processes using different sides of the brain, and if you try doing both at once you’ll lose. Make a deal with your internal editor that it will get the chance to rip your piece to shreds; it will just need to wait some time. A really nice trick is to switch off your monitor when you’re typing. You can’t edit what you can’t see. 4. Jacinta In a sentence: write daily for 30 minutes minimum! Its easy to notice the difference in a short time. Suddenly, ideas come to you and you think of other things to write. You experiment with styles and voices and words and the language becomes more familiar 5. Ane Mulligan Learn the rules of good writing†¦ then learn when and how to break them. 6. Pete Bollini I sometimes write out 8 to 10 pages from the book of my favorite writer in longhand. This helps me to get started and swing into the style I wish to write in. 7. Nilima Bhadbhade Be a good reader first. 8. Douglas Davis While spell-checking programs serve as a good tool, they should not be relied upon to detect all mistakes. Regardless of the length of the article, always read and review what you have written. 9. Kukusha Learn to take criticism and seek it out at every opportunity. Dont get upset even if you think the criticism is harsh, dont be offended even if you think its wrong, and always thank those who take the time to offer it. 10. John England Right click on a word to use the thesaurus. Do it again on the new word and make the best use of your vocabulary. 11. Lillie Ammann After editing the work on screen or in print, I like to read the text aloud. Awkward sentences and errors that slipped through earlier edits show up readily when reading out loud. 12. H Devaraja Rao Avoid wordiness. Professor Strunk put it well: â€Å"a sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts.†13. David Write as if you’re on deadline and have 500 words to make your point. Then do it again. And again. 14. Yvette Sometimes I type in a large font to have the words and sentences bold before me. Sometimes, in the middle of a document I will start a new topic on a fresh sheet to have that clean feeling. Then, I’ll cut and insert it into the larger document. I wait until my paper is done before I examine my word usage and vocabulary choices. (And reading this column it has reminded me that no two words are ever exactly alike.) So at the end, I take time to examine my choice of words. I have a lot of fun selecting the exact words to pinpoint my thoughts or points. 15. Amit Goyal To be a good writer is to start writing everyday. As Mark Twain said, the secret of getting ahead is getting started. Try using new words. i.e avoid repeating words. this way we learn the usage of different words. Do edit your previous articles. Start with small paragraphs like writing an article for a Newspaper, and proceed from there. 16. John Dodds Remove as many adjectives as possible. Read Jack Finney’s tale, Cousin Len’s Wonderful Adjective Cellar for a fantastical tale about how a hack becomes a successful author with the help of a magical salt cellar that removes adjectives from his work. 17. John Ireland I set my writing aside and edit a day or two later with the aim of making it terse. It has trained me to be more conscious of brevity when writing for immediate distribution. 18. Jai Try to write in simple way. Express your views with most appropriate words. 19. Mark Read great writers for inspiration. If you read them enough, their excellent writing style will rub off onto your dazzling blog. YOU ARE what you read (and write!). 20. Caroline I watch my action tense and wordiness in sentences when I am writing my technical diddley. For example, in a sentence where you say †¦Ã¢â‚¬ you will have to†¦Ã¢â‚¬ I replace it with â€Å"†¦you must†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , or â€Å"Click on the Go button to†¦Ã¢â‚¬ can be replaced with â€Å"Click Go to†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Think of words such as â€Å"enables†, instead of â€Å"allows you to†or â€Å"helps you to†. If one word will work where three are, replace it! I always find these, where I slip into conversational as I am writing quickly, then go back and purge, purge, purge. 21. Akhil Tandulwadikar Don’t shy away from adopting the good habits that other writers use. Do not worry about the length of the article as long as it conveys the point. Of course, the fewer words you use, the better. Start the article with a short sentence, not more than 8 words. 22. Julie Martinenza Instead of adding tags (he said/she said) to every bit of dialogue, learn to identify the speaker by showing him/her in action. Example: â€Å"Pass that sweet-smelling turkey this way.†With knife in one hand and fork in the other, Sam looked eager to pounce. 23. Aaron Stroud Write often and to completion by following a realistic writing schedule. 24. Joanna Young One that works for me every time is to focus on the positive intention behind my writing. What is it that I want to communicate, express, convey? By focusing on that, by getting into the state that I’m trying to express, I find that I stop worrying about the words just let them tumble out of their own accord. It’s a great strategy for beating writer’s block, or overcoming anxiety about a particular piece of writing, whether that’s composing a formal business letter, writing a piece from the heart, or guest blogging somewhere ‘big’†¦ 25. Shelley Rodrigo Use others writer’s sentences and paragraphs as models and then emulate the syntactic structure with your own content. I’ve learned more about grammar and punctuation that way. 26. Sylvia Avoid long sentences. 27. Mike Feeney Learn the difference between me, myself and I. For example: Contact Bob or myself if you have any questions. I hear this very often! 28. Richard Scott When doing a long project, a novel, for instance, shut off your internal editor and just write. Think of your first draft as a complex outline waiting to be expanded upon, and let the words flow. 29. David Careful with unnecessary expressions. â€Å"At this point in time†came along during the Nixon congressional hearings. Too bad it didn’t go out with him. What about â€Å"on a daily basis?†30. E. I. Sanchez For large documents, I use Word’s Speech feature to have the computer read the article back. This allows me to catch errors I have missed especially missing words or words that ’sort of sound the same’ but are spelled differently (e.g. Front me instead of ‘From me’). 31. Cat Either read the book â€Å"Writing Tools 50 Strategies for Every Writer†, by Roy Peter Clark, or read the Fifty Writing Tools: Quick List on his blog. Then join a writing group, or hire a writing coach. 32. Suemagoo Write the first draft spontaneously. Switch off your internal editor until it is time to review your first draft. 33. Lydia If youre writing fiction, its a great idea to have a plot. It will coordinate your thoughts and add consistency to the text. 34. Pedro Edit your older articles and pieces. You will notice that great part of it will be crap, and it will allow you to refine your style and avoid mistakes that you used to make. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Possessive of Proper Names Ending in S"Latter," not "Ladder"Dissatisfied vs. Unsatisfied
Wednesday, November 6, 2019
Which Allied Power Contributed the Most in Ww2 Essay Example
Which Allied Power Contributed the Most in Ww2 Essay Example Which Allied Power Contributed the Most in Ww2 Essay Which Allied Power Contributed the Most in Ww2 Essay All Allied Power contributed to making the Nazis power fall by supplied men and fought with honor to defeat the Nazis. Each Country gave something which made them a major contributor in WW2. The Soviet Union lost millions of men each battle. They lost the most soldiers and civilians in WW2. United States was the largest supplier of material. They were the reason allied power had material to fight each battle. Britain gave the most navy support . Their navy contributes to blocking the Germans from supplies and helps destroy the Nazis Navy which had help defeat Germany. Every Country has an extreme amount of dedication and support to help the Allied power conquer the Nazis but in my Opinion the Soviet Union made the biggest contribution to winning WW2. In WW2 over 23 million Soviet military civilians were killed. The Battle of Stalingrad was the bloodiest battle in human history, Over 1. 5 million Russian solider and civilians died. The United States and The United Kingdom dead’s combined does not reach a million . United kingdom lost over 450,900 people and United States lost 418,500. Together they lost approximately 869,400 people. I am not saying United States and United Kingdom deaths weren’t important as Soviet Union deaths. Every death deserve honor. I just believe Soviet Union have up a massive amount of its people in WW2. Soviet Union was a big country; it had a population168, 524,000 in 1939. United States had a population of 131,028,000. United Kingdom had a population of 47,760,000. Russian lost 14. 2% of its population in WW2. You may say that not a lot but think of it this way 23,000,000 out of 168,524,000 people. That includes soldiers and civilians. You might still say that not a lot well let try this. The United States lost 418,500 people in WW2 out of 131, 028,000. That is approximately half of a million people the United States lost in the war. That is . 32 of United States population. United Kingdom lost 450,900 out of 47,760,000. that is . 94 % of the United Kingdom population. That is also another half of million people the United Kingdom lost in the world together that makes a million. Now how a million lives for 2 countries compare to 23 million lives lost one country. Think of it this way million out of 23 million, a million is 0. 04 of 23 million. A million is not even a full percent to compare to the massive loss of 23 million people. I believe everyone on the Allied Side deserve Glory for they all contribute to the defeat of Nazi army , but I believe Soviet Union gave the biggest contribution for the Allies Power . If Soviet Union solider and people didn’t sacrifice their lives and fight to defeat the Nazi, It could have been a totally different war that could of lead to a billions more deaths all over the world.
Sunday, November 3, 2019
Professional Integration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Professional Integration - Essay Example Basically, the Good Idea Company model aims to perform specialized medical core and noncore functions wherein the tasks concerned depends upon the command of the customer. Such commands of tasks to be performed by MSOs include medical transcribing and administrative functions. Primarily, this model of MSO represents manifold business tasks and operations which cannot be performed deliberately by health professionals. Thus, for these noncore operations which are far from the field of medicine such as finance and accounting, health system affiliations find this model a favorable one which allows them to have the work done by specialized MSOs. Between the two models of MSOs above, the Venture Capital Company provides more privilege for participating parties for integration. Since the Venture Capital Company aims to generate capital by outsourcing administrative and managerial operations to MSOs who specialize in these fields, they become more focused on their core operations. Hence, this allows a rapid pace of integration for both parties. On the other hand, the Good Idea Company provides slow but sure integration which is only limited to the tasks the customer commands.
Friday, November 1, 2019
A Multi-proxy Reconstruction of the Late Quaternary Site at Deeping Coursework
A Multi-proxy Reconstruction of the Late Quaternary Site at Deeping St. James, Lincolnshire - Coursework Example Through the analysis of the ecology that thrives in the region, one can distinctly identify the environmental conditions of the time. Although different proxies have analyzed different aspects of the ecology, this paper will highlight the analysis of different types of mollusks extracted from a sentiment sample from Deeping St. James. Through the identification and description of the mollusks in the sentiment, the paper will present a reconstruction of the environment of the pond and describe the environmental conditions of the time. Introduction Climate change accounts for the conditions evident geographically today. Archeologists have ventured into describing the probable processes and stages that resulted to the current environment. As environmental changes occur, a shift in the organisms that can thrive in certain ecological conditions occurs. Understanding the past environment can help in putting the current environment into perspective. Deeping St. James in Lincolnshire is one of the characteristic sites that that contains evidence of the climatic changes over time leading to the deposition of different materials. Climatic changes in the region have comprised periods of temperate conditions followed by extremely cold conditions. Different researchers have studies the palaeo-environment and produced different proxies that can suffice in providing information concerning the site over time (Haslett, 2002:1-2). A multi-proxy analysis approach is one of the critical ways in providing relevant information while reconstructing the past environment. The primary concern in Deeping St. James would was being able to analyze the different species of mollusks thriving in the environment today. A morphological and ecological definition of the species would shed light into the nature of past environment. This paper will analyze the species and provide a sketch of the reconstruction of the site during the ipswichian stage. The reconstruction of the palaeo-environment pro cess begins with an analysis of the stratigraphy at Deeping ST. James in order to establish the geological framework of the site (Haslett, 2002:1-2). A thorough analysis of the available proxy records is essential in providing the basic palaeo-environment. The third and most critical step involves the development of a chronology of events that can help construct a dating framework. The next step involves the linking of different sequences using a correlation basis with data from other locations. Finally, a consideration of all lines of evidence helps in the synthesis of palaeo-environment. Methods In order to identify the mollusc species that thrives in the sediments at Deeping St. James Lincolnshire, there was a sample for analysis. The methods of analysis used depended on the sample and organism of interest. The source of the sample was the site of interest. The initial procedure involved an extraction of the organisms provided. After extraction, the available proxies and referenc e books served as resourceful materials in the identification of the extracted species, moreover, these materials provided information concerning the ecology of the species. The final procedure involved the development of a reconstruct of the palaeo-environment of the site. Procedure of Extraction The initial step involved sprinkling of a thin and even covering of the sample onto a petri-dish. The following step involved picking out all the shells
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